In order to let more people know about polishing and grinding, Honway update the knowledge column from time to time.
Types of ultra-precision machining Lapping This is a form of optical sanding, where the surface roughness of the workpiece is ground to a level that allows for polishing. Materials such as alumina and SiC abrasives are used along with cast iron or aluminum lapping plates for processing glass lenses. Lapping typically uses cast iron plates …
Definition of Grinding What is grinding? Grinding can be described as “an operation that reduces the surface roughness of a workpiece as much as possible without damaging its shape.” Grinding is a machining action carried out using a grinding machine. In Chinese, grinding machines are referred to as “grinders,” known as “ken sakuban” in Japan. …
Rare Earth Co-catalyst Materials Rare Earth Elements Rare earth elements possess a unique outer electron structure (4f), which allows them to serve as central atoms for coordination complexes, with coordination numbers ranging from 6 to 12. This variability in coordination numbers gives them “residual valency.” The 4f orbitals, with their seven available bonding sites, provide …
Why are raw materials so important? The selection shapes the outcome. The quality of the raw materials you use directly affects the quality of the resulting products! Rare earth materials are not only known as the “vitamins of the semiconductor industry,” but with just a small amount added, they achieve the effect of “industrial vitamins” …
The diamond polishing liquid is formed by dispersing abrasive particles in a medium, offering excellent chemical-mechanical properties. It is widely used in the grinding and precision polishing of silicon wafers, compound crystals, optical devices, LCD panels, gemstones, and metal workpieces. Polishing and Grinding Solution Series ◎Monocrystalline Diamond Solution (MDS)◎Polycrystalline Diamond Solution (PDS)◎Nanodiamond Solution (NDS) Monocrystalline …
Meta Polishing – Polishing our Meta world. Achieving ultra-precision polishing of free-form surfaces, no polishing marks under a microscope, meanwhile effectively reduces surface roughness with controllable Ra value, reduces waviness (Wa), and also accurately maintains excellent post-polishing surface profile (PV), it is suitable for electroless nickel polishing, copper, aluminum, tungsten steel, mold steel, etc. meta polishing
Relative hardness and absolute hardness are clearly explained in textbooks. The relative hardness of minerals is divided into 10 levels. When two minerals are rubbed together, the one that gets scratched has the lower hardness, meaning that the harder mineral will scratch the softer one. The representative minerals for each level of relative hardness from 1 to 10 are as follows: 1 – Talc, 2 – Gypsum, 3 – Calcite, 4 – Fluorite, 5 – Apatite, 6 – Feldspar, 7 – Quartz, 8 – Topaz, 9 – Corundum, 10 – Diamond. This relative hardness scale was first developed by mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839), and as such, relative hardness is also called the Mohs hardness scale. Mohs was born in Germany but moved to Austria in 1801 to work in mineral identification, which is why some books refer to him as Austrian, while other sources refer to him as German.
Dressing a grinding wheel refers to using a dressing tool to shape the wheel or remove the dulled surface layer, thereby restoring the grinding performance and correct geometric shape of the working surface. Timely and proper wheel dressing, along with the correct use of a diamond dressing tool, is essential for improving grinding efficiency and ensuring quality.
When traditional mechanical polishing methods are used on large-area PCD products, the polishing wheel first contacts the raised areas caused by stress deformation. This leads to longer polishing times and localized thinning. To address this issue, the author designed and implemented a dual-rocker swinging fixture, allowing the polished surface to adaptively contact the polishing wheel’s end face during the process. This article primarily discusses the features and effectiveness of this new processing equipment.
The ISO 6743 standard “Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification” divides lubricant products into 18 groups, which are arranged according to the letters A to Z. A：Total loss systems B：Mould release C：Gears D：Compressors (including refrigeration and vacuum pumps) E：Internal combustion engine F：Spindle bearings,bearings and associated clutches G：Slideways H：Hydraulic systems M：Metal working …
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