Previously, we discussed how “Yttrium” was discovered in a mine near the village of Ytterby in Sweden. Interestingly, there are three other elements that, much like triplets, have similar names and are often confused: Erbium (Er), Terbium (Tb), and Ytterbium (Yb). All of these were also discovered in the same area. In the lanthanide family, …
The Rare Earth Triplets—Terbium, the Unfortunate Victim Read More »
Rare earth elements may sound exotic and valuable, but among this group of elements, cerium stands out for its abundance. It ranks as the 25th most common element in the Earth’s crust, leading some to jokingly refer to it as “the least rare of the rare earth elements.” Cerium was first discovered in 1803 by …
When discussing rare earth elements, we cannot overlook the large group of lanthanides, one of the most important categories in the periodic table.Most lanthanide elements are found in monazite and bastnäsite, and they are typically mixed together in stable proportions (with lanthanum comprising 25-38%). These elements are separated from each other as oxides and are …
The previous article mentioned that the rocks brought back by Apollo contained the superconducting element Yttrium, in fact there are quite a number of other rare earth elements on the moon as well, such as the element Scandium which is quite rare…
Recently, the topic of superconductors has resurfaced in discussions, particularly with the idea that at low enough temperatures, certain materials exhibit zero electrical resistance—a phenomenon known as superconductivity. Introduction In 1986, scientists Muller and Bednorz at IBM’s laboratory in Switzerland discovered a series of ceramics that exhibited superconductivity at 35 K. The following year, scientists …
When discussing the connection between diamonds and superconductors, the most exciting topic is the superconductivity of diamonds. Under the right conditions, diamonds can exhibit superconducting properties, a discovery that has attracted significant attention in the scientific community and opened up new possibilities for superconducting technologies and applications. Initial Discovery of Diamond Superconductivity In 1991, scientists …
The Inseparable Relationship Between Diamonds and Superconductors Read More »
Superconductivity is a fascinating physical phenomenon where, under specific conditions, materials exhibit zero electrical resistance and expel magnetic fields completely. The history of this field is intertwined with the contributions of many renowned scientists, significant experimental discoveries, and theoretical breakthroughs. Let’s delve into the trajectory of superconductivity, exploring how this mysterious phenomenon has been progressively unveiled and applied.
Mold Structure System When designing a mold, there are four key objective factors to consider: 1. Structural Rigidity: The hardness, tensile and compressive strength, toughness, and stress distribution of the mold core, mold frame, sliders, repeat-positioning pins, and mold base must be analyzed. 2. Physical and Chemical Properties of the End Product’s Material: Select appropriate …
Processing can generally be divided into two major categories: one involves mass replication after mold creation, and the other uses various tools and specific materials to craft the required shape. Individual processing is further divided into the following three main categories: 1. Cutting: Includes drilling, milling, and turning. 2. Grinding: Includes surface grinding and cylindrical …
Alloying Elements in Tool Steels for Molds Mold steel is a type of tool steel used to manufacture various forming tools, including cold work, hot work, and plastic mold steels. What elements are used to manufacture mold steel? Major Alloying Elements: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), …
