Mold Structure System When designing a mold, there are four key objective factors to consider: 1. Structural Rigidity: The hardness, tensile and compressive strength, toughness, and stress distribution of the mold core, mold frame, sliders, repeat-positioning pins, and mold base must be analyzed. 2. Physical and Chemical Properties of the End Product’s Material: Select appropriate …
Processing can generally be divided into two major categories: one involves mass replication after mold creation, and the other uses various tools and specific materials to craft the required shape. Individual processing is further divided into the following three main categories: 1. Cutting: Includes drilling, milling, and turning. 2. Grinding: Includes surface grinding and cylindrical …
Alloying Elements in Tool Steels for Molds Mold steel is a type of tool steel used to manufacture various forming tools, including cold work, hot work, and plastic mold steels. What elements are used to manufacture mold steel? Major Alloying Elements: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), …
Types of ultra-precision machining Lapping This is a form of optical sanding, where the surface roughness of the workpiece is ground to a level that allows for polishing. Materials such as alumina and SiC abrasives are used along with cast iron or aluminum lapping plates for processing glass lenses. Lapping typically uses cast iron plates …
Definition of Grinding What is grinding? Grinding can be described as “an operation that reduces the surface roughness of a workpiece as much as possible without damaging its shape.” Grinding is a machining action carried out using a grinding machine. In Chinese, grinding machines are referred to as “grinders,” known as “ken sakuban” in Japan. …
Relative hardness and absolute hardness are clearly explained in textbooks. The relative hardness of minerals is divided into 10 levels. When two minerals are rubbed together, the one that gets scratched has the lower hardness, meaning that the harder mineral will scratch the softer one. The representative minerals for each level of relative hardness from 1 to 10 are as follows: 1 – Talc, 2 – Gypsum, 3 – Calcite, 4 – Fluorite, 5 – Apatite, 6 – Feldspar, 7 – Quartz, 8 – Topaz, 9 – Corundum, 10 – Diamond. This relative hardness scale was first developed by mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839), and as such, relative hardness is also called the Mohs hardness scale. Mohs was born in Germany but moved to Austria in 1801 to work in mineral identification, which is why some books refer to him as Austrian, while other sources refer to him as German.
With the traditional mechanical polishing method for large-area PCD products, the grinding wheel will first contact the raised part of the product due to stress deformation, resulting in a long polishing time and localized thinning of the thickness and other drawbacks. In this regard, the author designed and utilized a double rocker oscillating fixture, so that the polishing surface in the polishing process can be adapted to contact with the end face of the grinding wheel, this paper mainly describes the characteristics of this new technology and equipment and the use of the effect.
The ISO 6743 standard “Classification of lubricants, industrial lubricants and related products (Class L)” divides lubricant products into 18 groups, which are arranged according to the letters A to Z. The lubricants are classified into 18 groups. A：Total loss systems B：Mould release C：Gears D：Compressors (including refrigeration and vacuum pumps) E：Internal combustion engine F：Spindle bearings,bearings and …
Nano particles as photocatalysts have many advantages. First of all, the small particle size, large specific surface area and high photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, most of the electrons and holes generated by nanoparticles will not be recombined before reaching the surface. Therefore, if more electrons and holes can reach the surface, the chemical reaction activity will be high. Secondly, nanoparticles dispersed in dielectrics are often transparent, which makes it easy to observe the effects of charge transfer, proton transfer, semiconductor energy level structure and surface state density at the interface by optical means and methods.
Grinding wheels are indispensable to the general tool processing industry, often seen in factories using grinding wheels, but have you ever thought about how grinding wheels are made? What are the processes and techniques for making grinding wheels? Let us bring you to uncover the secrets of the highest level of production of diamond grinding wheel manufacturers….
