Mold Structure System When designing a mold, there are four key objective factors to consider: 1. Structural Rigidity: The hardness, tensile and compressive strength, toughness, and stress distribution of the mold core, mold frame, sliders, repeat-positioning pins, and mold base must be analyzed. 2. Physical and Chemical Properties of the End Product’s Material: Select appropriate …
Processing can generally be divided into two major categories: one involves mass replication after mold creation, and the other uses various tools and specific materials to craft the required shape. Individual processing is further divided into the following three main categories: 1. Cutting: Includes drilling, milling, and turning. 2. Grinding: Includes surface grinding and cylindrical …
Alloying Elements in Tool Steels for Molds Mold steel is a type of tool steel used to manufacture various forming tools, including cold work, hot work, and plastic mold steels. What elements are used to manufacture mold steel? Major Alloying Elements: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), …
Types of ultra-precision machining Lapping This is a form of optical sanding, where the surface roughness of the workpiece is ground to a level that allows for polishing. Materials such as alumina and SiC abrasives are used along with cast iron or aluminum lapping plates for processing glass lenses. Lapping typically uses cast iron plates …
Definition of Grinding What is grinding? Grinding can be described as “an operation that reduces the surface roughness of a workpiece as much as possible without damaging its shape.” Grinding is a machining action carried out using a grinding machine. In Chinese, grinding machines are referred to as “grinders,” known as “ken sakuban” in Japan. …
Relative hardness and absolute hardness are clearly explained in textbooks. The relative hardness of minerals is divided into 10 levels. When two minerals are rubbed together, the one that gets scratched has the lower hardness, meaning that the harder mineral will scratch the softer one. The representative minerals for each level of relative hardness from 1 to 10 are as follows: 1 – Talc, 2 – Gypsum, 3 – Calcite, 4 – Fluorite, 5 – Apatite, 6 – Feldspar, 7 – Quartz, 8 – Topaz, 9 – Corundum, 10 – Diamond. This relative hardness scale was first developed by mineralogist Friedrich Mohs (1773-1839), and as such, relative hardness is also called the Mohs hardness scale. Mohs was born in Germany but moved to Austria in 1801 to work in mineral identification, which is why some books refer to him as Austrian, while other sources refer to him as German.
When traditional mechanical polishing methods are used on large-area PCD products, the polishing wheel first contacts the raised areas caused by stress deformation. This leads to longer polishing times and localized thinning. To address this issue, the author designed and implemented a dual-rocker swinging fixture, allowing the polished surface to adaptively contact the polishing wheel’s end face during the process. This article primarily discusses the features and effectiveness of this new processing equipment.
The ISO 6743 standard “Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification” divides lubricant products into 18 groups, which are arranged according to the letters A to Z. A：Total loss systems B：Mould release C：Gears D：Compressors (including refrigeration and vacuum pumps) E：Internal combustion engine F：Spindle bearings,bearings and associated clutches G：Slideways H：Hydraulic systems M：Metal working …
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Nanoparticles have several advantages as photocatalysts. First, their small particle size and large specific surface area result in higher photocatalytic efficiency. Additionally, the electrons and holes generated by the nanoparticles are less likely to recombine before reaching the surface, allowing for a higher quantity of charge carriers (electrons and holes) to participate in chemical reactions, thus increasing the activity. Furthermore, nanoparticles often exhibit transparency when dispersed in a medium, making it easier to study charge transfer, proton transfer, and the effects of semiconductor energy levels and surface state densities using optical methods.
Grinding wheels are an essential consumable in the general tool processing industry. You often see diamond grinding wheels being used in factories, but have you ever wondered how they are made? What are the processes and techniques involved in their production? Let us take you behind the scenes to uncover the top-level production secrets of diamond grinding wheel manufacturers.
