Diamond Classroom

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A sparkling gemstone – Sunstone

Gemstones / By

Sunstone, discovered by mineralogists in 1837, is primarily composed of oligoclase from the plagioclase series. Initially, it was very expensive due to its rarity, but it became more widely available after new deposits were discovered in Norway and Siberia. Its name comes from the fact that when viewed from a certain direction, the gemstone will shine with a bright golden brillience, which is a phenomenon known as “Aventurescence”. This shimmer is due to the presence of fine mineral inclusions within the gemstone, such as chalcopyrite, native copper, annite, goethite or hematite, which reflect golden to brownish-yellow light. The color of the gemstone is influenced by the amount of inclusions; the more inclusions it has, the deeper the color. When selecting sunstone, it is best to choose one that is evenly covered with metallic shimmer. To maintain it, avoid impacts to prevent damage along the cleavage planes.

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A gemstone that glows at night — Fluorite

Gemstones / By

Fluorite comes in various colors due to its exposure to different minerals during its formation process. Its unique color change and fluorescence are also caused by trace amounts of transitional or rare earth elements. There are two main directions for selecting fluorite for collection: one is choosing faceted gemstones, and the other is selecting phenomena stones such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, color change, etc. Fluorite plays a significant role in industries such as metallurgy, optics, and electronics, special lenses in laboratories are also made from fluorite, which have excellent dispersion resistance.

Synthetic diamonds

Diamond Knowledge / By

The phrase “Diamonds are merely unremarkable carbon” highlights the essential truth that both diamonds and graphite are made of pure carbon, but in different forms, or allotropes. This discovery led to the continued pursuit of methods to artificially create diamonds. After 157 years of research, scientists found that a key factor in transforming carbon into diamonds is the use of catalysts, also known as chemical agents, to accelerate the process.

Identification Characteristics of Diamonds and Simulants

Diamond Knowledge / By

Gemstone (Gem) Mohs hardness (Hardness) Specific Gravity (Specific Gravity) Refractive Index (Refractive Index) Reflectivity (Reflectivity) Double Refraction (Double Refraction) Dispersion (Dispersion) Synthetic Rutil (Synthetic Rutil) 6.5 4.25 2.76 19.75 0.287 0.330 Synthetic Moissanite (Synthetic Moissanite) 9.25 3.22 2.67 20.67 Strained 0.104 Lithium Niobate (Lithium Niobate) 5.5 4.64 2.55 14.87 0.090 0.130 Diamond (Diamond) 10 3.52 …

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Diamond Synthesis Method — High Temperature and High Pressure

Diamond Knowledge / By

Currently, the world’s popular high-temperature and high-pressure diamond synthesizing equipment mainly consists of two-sided tops (belt, which is mainly popular in Europe and the United States), six-sided tops (unique to Mainland China), and splitting spheres (barssplitsphere, Russia) or modified splitting spheres (Gemesis Company). In 1954, before Christmas, the General Electric Company in the United States …

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Formation of natural diamonds

Diamond Knowledge / By

Natural diamonds are produced at depths of over 130 kilometers. It has a unique cubic crystal structure. Each carbon atom in a diamond is bonded to four other carbon atoms, making it the hardest natural substance known in the world. How are diamonds formed? Let’s find out!

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