Essential Characteristics of Abrasives are: high hardness, toughness, chemical composition, thermal stability (strength), thermal stability (chemical stability), grain processing capability, mechanical strength, high grit size.
1. High Hardness: The hardness of the abrasive must be higher than the hardness of the workpiece.
2. Toughness: The ability to resist breaking under pressure or impact. Adequate toughness ensures that the micro-edges of the abrasive particles can perform cutting actions, and when dulled, they can create new cutting micro-edges.
3. Chemical Composition: The chemical composition of the abrasive reflects its quality and performance. The higher the purity, the better the properties. Aluminum oxide abrasives, for example, are categorized based on the content of aluminum oxide and impurities.
4. Thermal Stability (Strength): The abrasive must maintain its necessary physical and mechanical properties even at high temperatures, as the grinding zone temperature usually ranges from 400 to 1000°C.
5. Thermal Stability (Chemical Stability): The abrasive should be chemically stable, resistant to adhesion or diffusion reactions that could cause clogging or dulling of the tool.
6. Grain Processing Capability: The abrasive grains should be uniform, with a regular shape.
7. Mechanical Strength: Due to the repeated grinding forces, impact loads, and high grinding temperatures, the abrasive must have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand these effects.
8. High Grit Size: Abrasives should have a high grit size for effective material removal.
