{"id":141062,"date":"2020-05-08T17:45:52","date_gmt":"2020-05-08T09:45:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/khi-mai-dao-cat-lam-the-nao-de-chon-dung-da-mai\/"},"modified":"2026-04-20T14:18:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T06:18:27","slug":"khi-mai-dao-cat-lam-the-nao-de-chon-dung-da-mai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/khi-mai-dao-cat-lam-the-nao-de-chon-dung-da-mai\/","title":{"rendered":"Khi m\u00e0i dao c\u1eaft, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E5%89%8D%E8%A8%80\">L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E7%A0%82%E8%BC%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87\">I. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E9%91%BD%E7%9F%B3%E7%A0%82%E8%BC%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87\">II. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%B0%AE%E5%8C%96%E7%A1%BC%EF%BC%88cbn%EF%BC%89%E7%A0%82%E8%BC%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87\">3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nitrua bo l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (CBN)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E6%B0%A3%E5%AD%94%E7%A0%82%E8%BC%AA%E7%9A%84%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87\">IV. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#%E4%BA%94%E3%80%81%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E7%A0%82%E8%BC%AA%E7%9A%84%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6\">5. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x524D;&#x8A00;\"><strong>L\u1eddi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i, gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x4E00;&#x3001;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x7802;&#x8F2A;&#x7684;&#x9078;&#x64C7;\"><strong>I. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>1. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i: Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n<p>a. Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai cao.<\/p>\n\n<p>b. Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n<p>c. Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>d. Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 corundum n\u00e2u (A) v\u00e0 corundum tr\u1eafng (WA), ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 silic cacbua \u0111en (C) v\u00e0 silic cacbua xanh (GC); c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m corundum crom (PA), corundum \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 (SA), corundum vi tinh th\u1ec3 (MA) v\u00e0 corundum zirconia (ZA).<\/p>\n\n<p>Th\u00e9p cacbon, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, gang r\u00e8n, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee9ng, v.v. Lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng r\u1ed9ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i th\u00f4 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 l\u1edbn, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch: Ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai l\u1edbn, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i corundum tr\u1eafng: \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a corundum tr\u1eafng cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat so v\u1edbi corundum n\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n, do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra khi m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i tinh th\u00e9p t\u00f4i, th\u00e9p cacbon cao, th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng; chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi corundum n\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i silicon carbide \u0111en: Silicon carbide \u0111en c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi corundum tr\u1eafng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0 gang, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, nh\u00f4m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda, v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i silicon carbide m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y: Silicon carbide m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n silicon carbide m\u00e0u \u0111en, h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, th\u1ee7y tinh quang h\u1ecdc, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m oxit cr\u00f4m: Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i dao c\u1eaft, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, ren v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t\u3002<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i corundum \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3: Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vanadi cao, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1y x\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i corundum vi tinh th\u1ec3: Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, th\u00e9p \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 gang c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v.v., d\u00f9ng cho m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0i c\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i zirconia: Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 austenit, h\u1ee3p kim titan v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n<p>2. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea7n m\u00e0i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn. Khi m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn th\u00f4, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft sau khi m\u00e0i s\u1ebd th\u00f4 h\u01a1n; khi m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m, n\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i cao. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi m\u00e0i th\u00f4 th\u00ec ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn th\u00f4, c\u00f2n khi m\u00e0i tinh th\u00ec ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 h\u01a1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi m\u00e0i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng, n\u1ebfu m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn h\u1ea1t th\u00f4 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9p ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>3. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 hay kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i bong ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i khi ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u00f4i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9n s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 bong ra, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, nhi\u1ec7t sinh ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i t\u0103ng cao, chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i qu\u00e1 m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1ebd bong ra ngay khi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ee9c hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n; khi m\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t k\u00e9m, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng so v\u1edbi m\u00e0i chu vi, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 2 c\u1ea5p;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n 1\u20132 c\u1ea5p;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u1ea7n cao h\u01a1n 1\u20132 c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i kh\u00f4.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>4. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m (V) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a (B).<\/p>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00f4 c\u01a1, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ed1p l\u1edbn. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i cao, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p carbon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim, th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, gang, h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u, v.v. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n cao, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c rung \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 35 m\/s.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh h\u1eefu c\u01a1; \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao h\u01a1n 50 m\u00e9t\/gi\u00e2y v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong m\u00e0i th\u00f4, m\u00e0i s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u00e0i t\u1ef1 do, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0i th\u00e9p th\u1ecfi, m\u00e0i g\u1edd cho c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00fac, v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb5n cao, ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng, c\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<p>5. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i l\u00e0 62% l\u00e0m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ed1 \u201c0\u201d; c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3m 2% th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ebd t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, chia th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 15 b\u1eadc. S\u1ed1 b\u1eadc c\u00e0ng cao, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e0ng l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ed1p, do c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khe h\u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ee5i m\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi m\u00e0i th\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e0i kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo; khi m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n; Khi m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, tr\u00e1nh v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t do ch\u00e1y, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo; khi m\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t, kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 12#.<\/p>\n\n<p>6. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng (P), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00f5m m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t (PDA), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00f5m hai m\u1eb7t (PSA), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ecfng (PB), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 (N), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t (BW), \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a lo\u1ea1i 1 (D1), v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p>M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u00e9p, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 quay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng; vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u0169ng mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n<p>Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ghi tr\u00ean nh\u00e3n \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh: M\u00e3 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7), h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i, c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: P400\u00d7150\u00d7203A60L5B35<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x4E8C;&#x3001;&#x947D;&#x77F3;&#x7802;&#x8F2A;&#x7684;&#x9078;&#x64C7;\"><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u947d\u77f3\u7802\u8f2a\u7684\u9078\u64c7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 g\u00f3c c\u1eaft s\u1eafc b\u00e9n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i nh\u01b0 cacbua bo, cacbua silic, corundum, v.v.; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n th\u1ea5p, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i tinh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9, ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng bao g\u1ed3m lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i m\u00f2n: Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (JR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i; t\u00f9y theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1ecbn h\u1ea1t: C\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng: Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u201c\u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng\u201d. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i S (Y1) ho\u1eb7c cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh: C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: nh\u1ef1a, g\u1ed1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i cao, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc t\u1ed1t, \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, sinh nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0i tinh. \u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng, v.v.<\/p>\n\n<p>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9: Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i. \u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, trong khi \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau hao \u00edt kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i; do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u00f9y theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n<p>H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc: Ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x4E09;&#x3001;&#x7ACB;&#x65B9;&#x6C2E;&#x5316;&#x787C;&#xFF08;cbn&#xFF09;&#x7802;&#x8F2A;&#x7684;&#x9078;&#x64C7;\"><strong>3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nitrua bo l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (CBN)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride), c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t CBN ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i n\u00e0y g\u1ea5p 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i corundum, r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p kh\u00f3 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00ednh l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau cao. Ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung cho nhau v\u1edbi kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi m\u00e0i h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng khi m\u00e0i th\u00e9p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 th\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e1 m\u00e0i boron nitride l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft th\u00e9p cao g\u1ea5p g\u1ea7n 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i corundum v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i CBN t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i CBN k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111en kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim titan, th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, gang r\u00e8n, v.v. \u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i CBN k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u00e9p. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 CBN trong \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn trong kho\u1ea3ng 100%~150% l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t; \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u1eaft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n dung d\u1ecbch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x56DB;&#x3001;&#x5927;&#x6C23;&#x5B54;&#x7802;&#x8F2A;&#x7684;&#x9078;&#x64C7;\"><strong>IV. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng kh\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u0129a n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i th\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e0i tinh c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u phi kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec1m, nh\u1ef1a, cao su v\u00e0 da. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t nhanh, n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y nhi\u1ec7t, chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i kh\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee1i dao b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5).<\/p>\n\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u; ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd bay h\u01a1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung k\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0 cacbua v\u00e0 corundum, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 cacbua silic \u0111en (C), cacbua silic xanh (GC) v\u00e0 corundum tr\u1eafng (WA), v.v. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, t\u00ednh gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t; k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i (36#~180#) ; ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh (ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m); \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng (c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb G \u0111\u1ebfn M); h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (h\u00ecnh ph\u1eb3ng, h\u00ecnh c\u1ed1c, h\u00ecnh b\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0129a, v.v.); k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ed7 kh\u00ed (kho\u1ea3ng 0,7~1,4 mm).<\/p>\n\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi xu\u1ea5t x\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u00e3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i, c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, m\u00e3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f2ng quay t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u00e3y k\u00fd t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u201cP400\u00d740\u00d7127WA60L5V35\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n<p>Ch\u1eef &#8220;P&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i song song.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c s\u1ed1 \u201c400\u00d740\u00d7127\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ngo\u00e0i \u00d7 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y \u00d7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7). \u201cWA\u201d cho bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m oxit tr\u1eafng. \u201c60\u201d bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, l\u00e0 c\u1ee1 60# (m\u00e0i tinh). &#8220;L&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ec1m. &#8220;5&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c. &#8220;V&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m, kh\u00e1 gi\u00f2n. &#8220;35&#8221; bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 35m\/s l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i th\u00e9p, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb nh\u00f4m oxit; khi m\u00e0i gang c\u1ee9ng, h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i l\u00e0m t\u1eeb cacbua silic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ebbo, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00f4 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 12\u201336#); khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 46\u2013100#).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i m\u1ecbn; khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gia c\u00f4ng cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c cao su; khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i \u0111a, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh g\u1ed1m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i, c\u00f3 hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n<p>1. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i bong ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 hay kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i bong ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>2. \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i (ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"&#x4E94;&#x3001;&#x9078;&#x64C7;&#x7802;&#x8F2A;&#x7684;&#x786C;&#x5EA6;\">\u4e94\u3001\u9078\u64c7\u7802\u8f2a\u7684\u786c\u5ea6<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i, tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng sinh ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i qu\u00e1 cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u00e0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, gi\u00fap h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c m\u00e0i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p, l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1ebd y\u1ebfu, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i qu\u00e1 cao, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i c\u00f9n kh\u00f3 v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft d\u1ec5 sinh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9n, ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn qu\u00e1 m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1ebd bong ra khi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhanh, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ec9 khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0i m\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gia c\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1eaft, ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i, cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0: n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng cao th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cao. B\u1edfi v\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i tr\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu khi c\u1eaft v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u00f9n; \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c bong tr\u00f3c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ecb c\u00f9n, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n; Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i cao, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu khi c\u1eaft v\u00e0o ph\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1ebd nhanh c\u00f9n, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ed3ng thau, v.v.), do kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u1eaft d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i, n\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i th\u00f4 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng m\u00e0i. Khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim), do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ed1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e1y b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u1ecfng, c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p. Khi m\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft r\u1ed7ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng chi ti\u1ebft do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0i t\u0103ng cao.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau \u0111\u00e2y<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Khi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u00f4i l\u1edbn, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00f4i b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i d\u00f9ng trong m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n; \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u00f9ng trong m\u00e0i ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e0i trong m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u00f9ng trong m\u00e0i tr\u00f2n ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 trong nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u00e0i, do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p, b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00f2n v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00ecnh ra (h\u00ecnh loa) \u1edf chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i tr\u00f2n trong th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n, c\u00f2n khi m\u00e0i c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn th\u00ec n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u00e1nh m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba via tr\u00ean chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00fac, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng; khi m\u00e0i ph\u00f4i th\u00e9p v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, c\u0169ng n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i b\u1ecb m\u00f2n qu\u00e1 nhanh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i thay th\u1ebf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh (\u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao.\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e1y m\u00e0i c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng cao, do \u0111\u1ed9 rung trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i th\u1ea5p n\u00ean h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i \u00edt b\u1ecb v\u1ee1, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i c\u1eaft v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i n\u00ean th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khi ti\u1ebfn dao theo tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e1y m\u00e0i t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y m\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng tay.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gia c\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sinh nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i k\u1ebft d\u00ednh nh\u1ef1a lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m Rz l\u00e0 0,05\u03bcm; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i d\u00f9ng cho m\u00e0i tinh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c; do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c \u00e9p ho\u1eb7c ma s\u00e1t, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i bong tr\u00f3c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y x\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i l\u00ean m\u1ee9c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i kh\u00f4, chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n 1\u20132 c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n m\u00e0i l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u1ebfu t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn dao kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1edbp ph\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft b\u1edfi h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i s\u1ebd m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n, l\u1ef1c c\u1eaft t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n 1\u20132 c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i tinh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, v.v.), do t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 cao, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00e0i t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn dao c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1ef1c m\u00e0i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ea1t m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bong ra qu\u00e1 s\u1edbm, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i n\u00ean cao h\u01a1n 1~2 c\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi khi m\u00e0i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i bi th\u00e9p (bi l\u0103n), n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi m\u00e0i dao c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb J \u0111\u1ebfn G.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a chi ti\u1ebft gia c\u00f4ng, m\u1ee9c m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u0129a m\u00e0i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0i, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u1eady l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong gia c\u00f4ng m\u00e0i, gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1 m\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4292],"tags":[4479,4483,4478,4602,4476,4669,4474,4579],"class_list":["post-141062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ung-dung-san-pham","tag-ban-chai-kim-cuong","tag-dung-cu-kim-cuong","tag-dung-dich-kim-cuong","tag-dung-dich-mai","tag-da-mai-kim-cuong","tag-danh-bong-kim-tuong","tag-kem-kim-cuong","tag-ung-dung-san-pham"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141062"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141062\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141063,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141062\/revisions\/141063"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}