{"id":140850,"date":"2019-02-12T18:22:29","date_gmt":"2019-02-12T10:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/phuong-phap-tong-hop-kim-cuong-phan-ung-no\/"},"modified":"2026-04-14T17:37:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T09:37:09","slug":"phuong-phap-tong-hop-kim-cuong-phan-ung-no","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/phuong-phap-tong-hop-kim-cuong-phan-ung-no\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng — Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha kh\u00ed (nh\u01b0 PVD ho\u1eb7c CVD), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha l\u1ecfng (nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0129nh, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CVD pha l\u1ecfng) ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p pha r\u1eafn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n trong ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Phase Transition)<\/a> n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n pha d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n (Displacive)<\/a>, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (Reconstructive) trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n pha ki\u1ec3u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p. Do th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eafn, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ee9c th\u00ec (trong v\u00e0i micro gi\u00e2y) d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u0129nh b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00f3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1edd \u00e1p su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi do v\u1ee5 n\u1ed5 thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o ra. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf do b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi th\u1ec3 t\u00edch bu\u1ed3ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ed9t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5.
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C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao do s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a than ch\u00ec th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Khi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u01a1i, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd va ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t tro n\u1ed5 (Detonation Soot) c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nano (3-10 nm). Lo\u1ea1i tro n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a carbon gi\u1ed1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng (Diamond Like Carbon ho\u1eb7c DLC). Quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p PVD. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 va ch\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nano, trong khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c va ch\u1ea1m c\u00e1c ion carbon h\u00f3a kh\u00ed v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t nano.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5<\/h3>

Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon cao, trong khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 TNT, RDX, HMX, v.v.). Khi ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch n\u1ed5 trong m\u1ed9t khoang k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 oxy, carbon c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00e9n th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft; m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 carbon d\u1ea1ng kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (kho\u1ea3ng 10%) t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 411 m). v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn (kho\u1ea3ng 300 m\u00b2\/g), n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>

Do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng nano kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, n\u00ean s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng si\u00eau ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t piston \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m cho c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh PVDD\/CVDD. Do gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1 cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: $3\/carat), n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a cao.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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S\u00f3ng xung si\u00eau \u00e2m<\/h3>

M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch si\u00eau \u00e2m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean than ch\u00ec, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc micromet. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch (Shock Synthesis) n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n DuPont c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u2013 chuy\u00ean s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u2013 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1960 v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, than ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng (92%, 1mm), sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p th\u00e0nh thanh tr\u00f2n d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 5 m\u00e9t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u0129nh (Cold isostatic Pressing ho\u1eb7c CIP). Thanh tr\u00f2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong trong \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch ly ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean trong. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e0nh l\u00f4 trong h\u1ea7m m\u1ecf, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0i t\u1ea5n thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 xung quanh.<\/p>

Khi thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch n\u1ed5 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u, \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u00e9p t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u kia trong ch\u1edbp m\u1eaft; than ch\u00ec b\u00ean trong \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p s\u1ebd b\u1ecb n\u00e9n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 200.000 atm v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean 1.000 \u0111\u1ed9 C khi s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch \u0111i qua. Do \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c cao, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, trong v\u00e0i micro gi\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n than ch\u00ec s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 1-20 nanomet (ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed). C\u00e1c tinh th\u1ec3 si\u00eau nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y s\u1ebd k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc micromet. B\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i kg b\u1ed9t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn. Sau khi s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch \u0111i qua, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t. N\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eabn cao, kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7n carbon v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh. Do than ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t (Heat Sink), n\u00ean b\u1ed9t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb cacbon h\u00f3a. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng si\u00eau m\u1ecbn n\u00e0y sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y axit \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxy h\u00f3a than ch\u00ec b\u1eb1ng PbO \u1edf 400\u00b0C. Sau \u0111\u00f3, qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m s\u1ebd mang th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Mypolex. Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng xung ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng \u00e9p t\u0129nh l\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t sau khi n\u00e9n b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng xung s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng Mypolex l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1edbn g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng ba l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec1n m\u1ecbn c\u00f9ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng khoai t\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh s\u1eafc nh\u1ecdn th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3, n\u00ean khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n. Khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u1ec1m xen k\u1ebd, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1ed9t \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee1 ra d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1eaft. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 m\u00e0i s\u1eafc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i cao h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9t \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac graphit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (Hexagonal) ho\u1eb7c l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 (Rhombohedral). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 AAA, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c (Lonsdaleite); c\u00f2n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u0103ng tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ABC, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn graphit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ABA\u2026 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean trong n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf (10%) graphite h\u00ecnh thoi. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng s\u00f3ng xung k\u00edch th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 do b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng graphite h\u00ecnh thoi. Do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ea5p, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn b\u1eb1ng axit ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u00ean chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 r\u1ea5t cao, gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t m\u1ecbn kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecf. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gia c\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o v\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng, l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng cao c\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd ho\u1eb7c wafer). L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 1 t\u1ea5n, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la M\u1ef9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":131224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4296],"tags":[4659,4525,4632,4532,4481,4570],"class_list":["post-140850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lop-hoc-kim-cuong","tag-danh-bong-sieu-chinh-xac-vi","tag-kim-cuong-da-tinh-the","tag-kim-cuong-da-tinh-the-vi","tag-kim-cuong-nano","tag-lop-hoc-nho-ve-kim-cuong","tag-tong-hop-bang-phuong-phap-no"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=140850"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140850\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":140851,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/140850\/revisions\/140851"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/131224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=140850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=140850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/honwaygroup.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=140850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}